{"content":{"sharePage":{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"52777132","dateCreated":"1334171174","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"klb409","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/klb409","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52777132"},"dateDigested":1532760195,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Ocean Hill\/ Brownsville","description":"One of the points brought out in the video that I think is particularly important, and a mistake that we constantly see, is that choosing not to deal with the issues at hand can be truly detrimental. Integrating a school so that white teachers taught in a predominantly black school served as a symbol that they had overcome the racism and stereotypes. But the physically action of teaching these students was did not get to the root of the problem. It merely tried to cover it over. Thus, when the teachers were fired and the strikes began, the underlining issues went far beyond what had happened within that school's walls. It was a representation of a larger struggle.
\n
\nOur speaker on Thursday was really very impressive in his knowledge of the subject. He reasoned on the matter from a historical perspective, using present day examples as further evidence that the problems of that time have not been truly resolved. The background he provided was shocking, such as the condition of the school buildings that minority students intended and the lack of upkeep, but it also helped frame the situation in a much clearer light. It is amazing that we can still see the same lack of good teachers, poor building upkeep, and overcrowding even today.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"52774366","dateCreated":"1334167736","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"JasmineAllyce","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/JasmineAllyce","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52774366"},"dateDigested":1532760195,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Ocean Hill-Brownsville","description":"I think that the struggle that was fought in the Ocean Hill-Brownsville district is one that's still being fought now in districts all over the nation. Although community members are taking to the streets, protesting, and taking over the schools, the words of the OHB community are being echoed in communities now.
\nPeople are still not stopping to listen to the people on the other side of the struggle. All side of the struggle take on a "my way or the highway" approach. This is the reason that a compromise couldn't be reached in the OHB district and still can't be reached in many school districts. The community members insisted that the NYC DOE didn't understand, care for, or know the students in the community. The NYC DOE insisted that they were there to teach. The community wanted more for its children. The people didn't want to send there students to a school that would fail them. The NYC DOE couldn't fire its teachers because they were a part of the UFT.
\nNeither side of the fight was going to cave. Each side stuck to its argument, and refused to accept anything less than what they wanted.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"52772960","dateCreated":"1334165984","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"molly.picardi","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/molly.picardi","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52772960"},"dateDigested":1532760195,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Ocean Hill-Brownsville","description":"The sharply divergent views of education, politics, and socio-economic experiences made compromise and coexistence difficult in the Ocean-Hill Brownsville community in 1960\u2019s. At this time people viewed the controversy of decentralizing the schools as a very binary issue. The community wanted to control their own schools, including hiring and curriculum management. However, the teacher\u2019s union felt that this violated teacher\u2019s rights and thus organized protest of this action. However, just because people at the time viewed the issue as binary does not mean one group was right and other wrong. Both groups were driven by different interests and we\u2019re guided by different prejudices and opinions. This community underwent great change in the early 1960\u2019s with an outpouring of middle class, white families into the suburbs, motivated by a racially and economically discriminatory federal loan program. The racial and economic dynamic also affected the way in which the controversy played out and the debate quickly polarized into the oversimplification that this was a battle between Black Americans and Jewish Americans. However, behind this debate are issues still present in education reform and policy to this day: teacher rights, racial integration, the role of unions, the role of communities, etc..","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"52770334","dateCreated":"1334162579","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"colleen.ouyang","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/colleen.ouyang","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52770334"},"dateDigested":1532760195,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Ocean Hill-Brownsville","description":"\u201cEyes on the Prize\u201d and Prof Craig Wilder went deeply onto the battle of the fight for community control of schools. As Prof Wilder said, this movement was already occurring by parents in Harlem and Chinatown prior to Ocean Hill-Brownsville, and that the mistrust of the Board of Education services had existed for decades. The purpose of public schools shifted from the initial purpose of educating people into white citizens (without ever the intention of giving them that white status) to \u201cwarehouse low income kids\u201d who were\/are denied the resources and support in school. The Ocean Hill-Brownsville controversy was a manifest of very deep tensions that historically were never resolved. \u201cEyes on the Prize\u201d categorized the problem primarily as a low income African Americans receiving a better quality education with the African American teachers rather than the Jewish UFT teachers. On the other hand, the video, in my point of view, tries very much to show the immediate arguments from both sides regarding doing what is appropriate in the educational setting through the UFT teachers strike versus the community activism.
\n
\nIn the battle of politics, prof Wilder mentioned that public schools rose during the Reconstruction when there was a political need to manage the now 4 million freed slaves. This caused the rise of public schools to allow for the education of minorities into white, civilized citizens (without ever the intention of giving them that white status).
\n As Antigone suggests, there had been long term disagreement with Catholics and Jews. Even prior to 1960, Jews and Blacks often sided together for issues against the majority Catholics. Adjacent to the religious undertone is aspect of social oppression. The Jewish population were in a position of being able to be white and pass for the benefits of looking white while still maintaining their minority status when necessary. This identity crisis could no longer be sustained. There were more opportunities for Jews to obtain higher income occupations with the civil service examinations. Ultimately, racial divide took over religious difference.
\n
\nProf Wilder discussed the socioeconomic factor by explaining the federal loan program, which only gave housing loans if the buyer was moving to a neighborhood with a majority of the same ethnicity. This meant that black individuals pay more per unit of space to live in Harlem, but would not be able to get a loan for housing at a white-dominant neighborhood. In the migration from South to North, blacks increasingly went to urban communities while whites moved by purchasing houses in rural or suburban locations. Thus, communities were increasingly getting either richer or poorer, and fed into the segregated race and socioeconomic neighborhoods today.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"52768068","dateCreated":"1334159680","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"rmd326","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/rmd326","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52768068"},"dateDigested":1532760195,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"OHB","description":"Ryan Dobbins
\n
\n Before we began focusing on it in class I had never heard of the Ocean Hill-Brownside strike. As an experiment, the local community school board was given control of decisions being made within the school. In 1968 the community control fired nineteen teachers and administrators, most of them being white and Jewish. In turn, the community argued that these Jewish teachers should be replaced with black teachers who could build stronger and better relationships with the students. This created a huge controversy between the local community school board and the UFT. While it began as an initiative to change the school and community for the better, it quickly became an issue regarding race, religion, and socioeconomic status. The community became divided and words like \u201cracism\u201d and \u201canti-Semitism\u201d were being used.
\n As I reflect on how disheartening the situation is and was, I think about the original experiment of the local community control. I believe that involving members of the community in the decisions that affect their children and their schools is extremely important. However, I think that in this situation the community control was given too much power. The main problem was that the UFT and the community could not see eye-to-eye.
\n This is what divided them so greatly and what caused compromise and co-existence to be so impossible. The underlying issues of the controversy revolved around dividing factors such as race, religion and socioeconomic status. The community felt bound by the socioeconomic status and race and felt that their children deserved educators who could relate to them on some of these factors. I could not imagine how the Jewish teachers felt when they were being fired. It really is upsetting to think that a community could decide that you are unfit to educate their children based on your race, religion or socioeconomic status. While the Ocean Hill-Brownside controversy stirs up saddening and uncomfortable feelings, I think that any issue regarding race, religion or socioeconomic status today would divide a community just as much.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"52774646","body":"I agree with you when you say, "It really is upsetting to think that a community could decide that you are unfit to educate their children based on your race, religion or socioeconomic status." I'm facing this same exact struggle now if hiring interns to work at my sumer program in Trenton, NJ. My boss on;y wants to hire black interns because they can personally relate to the children. I'm a prime example that it's not true. The only thing the children who attend our program and I have in common is our skin color. I never lived in Trenton nor have I ever belonged to the same socioeconomic class as the majority of our students do. I just have a passion for working with and for them. And you never know, maybe some of the non-black applicants are actually from the community.","dateCreated":"1334168122","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"JasmineAllyce","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/JasmineAllyce","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}}],"more":0}]},{"id":"52768050","dateCreated":"1334159665","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"snp241","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/snp241","imageUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/pic\/1317051397\/snp241-lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52768050"},"dateDigested":1532760196,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"OHB Controversy","description":"From the outset, issues such as race, money and power were the heated components of the Ocean Hill-Brownsville controversy. In 1968 the Board of Education failed to integrate schools successfully. Once the Board of Education did not give everyone the right to an education that was integrated; the communities took control of schools in an effort to control what was happening with the money that they gave to the schools in their neighborhoods. Communities were segregated by the government, which caused people to want a say in the ways their schooling was implemented even more. They wanted control of where their money was going. Then, teachers were fired either because of racial reasons or because the community deemed them to be ineffective by their standards.
\n
\nThe teachers union opposed because their fellow teachers were being fired left and right, and it wasn't necessarily the teachers' faults of what was happening on a higher level. Educational resources were going to the suburbs, and were not being evenly distributed. Dirty buildings and unkempt school facilities were the tangible scenes of the injustice within education.
\n
\nCompromise and co-existence was impossible for these two groups of people, in my view, because the two groups were fighting about a problem that is still prevalent today. These issues were created by the government and passed down from each generation. Before this lecture, I did not even see the connection between the controversy and how our schooling is affected today. The government created the problem, and it is my belief that they are the only power large enough to fix it on a grand scale movement. Apart from that, all that we should do, is be the best teachers of community and awareness for our students, and get involved in these issues as teachers.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"52768036","dateCreated":"1334159631","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"mb3267","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/mb3267","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52768036"},"dateDigested":1532760196,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"OHB","description":"I believe this controversy was handled inappropriately. Teachers should not be fired based on race or religion. Teachers should be fired if their teaching methods are not relating to the students. All teachers should be open to their students\u2019 cultures and be respectful of where they come from. Students don\u2019t necessarily relate to teachers better if they are the same race or religion. It is to the teachers\u2019 duties to make sure that they get to know their students and incorporate their cultures in the classroom to foster authentic learning.
\nIn this case, children lost school time and had to witness a battle between races and religion. It was hypercritical of the Jewish teachers to be fired if we teach our students everyday about equality and peace.
\n-Martyna","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"52768142","body":"I agree about these points entirely! If you take any profession, you see that this view on race and relations has the same controversial tone and that it is necessary that students learn about these issues from an early age. I feel that we are meant to be the force that stops the reverse thinking that is so present in today's society at times.","dateCreated":"1334159811","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"snp241","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/snp241","imageUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/pic\/1317051397\/snp241-lg.jpg"}},{"id":"52777314","body":"I absolutely agree that teachers should not be fired based on race or religion. I think the problem here, though, was how to know whether a teacher was doing their job. Was it left up to other teachers to decide, to the community only, to the students, or based on test grades? What qualified a teacher as doing their job as opposed to not doing their job?","dateCreated":"1334171462","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"klb409","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/klb409","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}}],"more":0}]},{"id":"52767884","dateCreated":"1334159392","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"ds2605","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/ds2605","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52767884"},"dateDigested":1532760196,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"The Controversy","description":"I believe that when there is a debate for new education reforms at any particular school setting, whether its for public, private, charter, or magnet schools we will always have different biases. It is unavoidable. We will always have multiple sides for each problem that exists and it\u2019s hard to have everyone at the same page. I also believe that for each issue that exists will may touch a little bit on backgrounds of race, religion, and ethnicity because its part of our everyday culture. The ideas that were displayed from the Ocean Hill-Brownsville brought up a lot of controversy.
\n
\nMy understanding is that there were multiple groups who wanted to implement integration between White, African-American, and Latino students. During the 1960s, there were uproars in the Union because either certain White teachers did not want to work in a public school where the races were mixed or the hassle of moving colored teachers to a segregated school. While I watched the \u201cEyes on the Prize\u201d documentary, I felt uncomfortable as a Latino individual witnessing all the uproar and violence the students of color at that time had to experience. It was horrible to see the students scared for their life walking to a school where there were police officers at every corner of the school building.
\n
\nI was quite upset to hear that Puerto Ricans did not like African-Americans or Whites, which people at the time have created a huge assumption on a particular race. As well, the sense that minority students were never supported or treated fairly as human beings. According to Professor Wilder, I was shocked to hear that P.S. 1 located in Chinatown was under construction for so many years and even at one point abandoned because of the population of students who attended the school. There were so many anti-Asian American campaigns and I just hope that in our modern time, we would witness less hate and discrimination toward several minority groups.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[{"id":"52768814","body":"I completely agree with you that any issue that exists has the potential to bring up the factors of race, religion, ethnicity, and even socioeconomic status. It is easy for individuals to relate to others who share some of these factors since it composes one's cultural identity. I also felt uncomfortable watching the hatred in dislike that cultural groups expressed for one another during the controversy. I feel that at the beginning of the issue the best interest for the students was the primary focus. As the controversy continued to build, however, I think that the best interest of the students was a bit neglected or "put to the side."
\nI was also shocked to hear Professor Wilder speak about how dilapidated P.S. 1 was. It's insane to think that something like that could happen based on the demographic of students attending a school.
\n
\n-Ryan","dateCreated":"1334160823","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"rmd326","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/rmd326","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}},{"id":"52773138","body":"I also agree that the students' best interest was cast aside (at least somewhat) in light of the political controversy, which in many ways undermines the entire purpose of education. This is really interesting as a dynamic and is seen throughout history:
\nIs it ok to marginalize or neglect a certain person or group of people in order to attempt to affect positive social change for future people?","dateCreated":"1334166126","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"molly.picardi","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/molly.picardi","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"}}],"more":0}]},{"id":"52767672","dateCreated":"1334159062","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"NicoleHarmantzis","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/NicoleHarmantzis","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52767672"},"dateDigested":1532760196,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"\"Two hostile camps\"","description":"The black community demanded teachers that were willing to know the students so that they could teach them effectively. In "Eyes on the Prize," a father expressed his astonishment when his son was doing poorly in math when he knew his son excelled in the subject. The Jewish teachers were fighting for their right to part of the school. The black community knew that the teachers were not taking into account the culture of their students. However, they just forced the Jewish teachers out instead of explaining methods that would benefit the students. There was a lot of anger and frustration and those involved were focused on making a point. The black community was putting up barriers and making sure the teachers would not come back. There was the case that anti-semitism was involved. Meanwhile, the students were being hurt in the process which is not something focused on in the article.","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]},{"id":"52767084","dateCreated":"1334158269","smartDate":"Apr 11, 2012","userCreated":{"username":"ejd283","url":"https:\/\/www.wikispaces.com\/user\/view\/ejd283","imageUrl":"https:\/\/ssl.wikicdn.com\/i\/user_none_lg.jpg"},"monitored":false,"locked":false,"links":{"self":"https:\/\/integratingculture-at-nyu.wikispaces.com\/share\/view\/52767084"},"dateDigested":1532760196,"startDate":null,"sharedType":"discussion","title":"Ocean Hill-Brownsville ","description":"The possibility of compromise was broken down by the structure of the argument and the fact that the parties involved did not desire compromise. Professor Wilder spoke about how the parties lacked negotiations from both sides, which placed both parties in the place of either winner or loser. As the issue began to escalate and the divide became clearer, inner and outer group mentality spread. The possibility for co-existence became null and void. The politics of the issue was comprised of race, religion, economics, bias beliefs, unions, and personal political agendas. It is not surprising, with a combination such as this, that clarity was difficult to locate for many of the people involved. I found Professor Wilder\u2019s comment about how the Catholic Church handled the education of the Irish immigrants to very interesting. After the presentation I found myself wondering what might have happened if the community of Ocean Hill-Brownsville had started educating the community as a private organization, like the Catholic Church. Once they proved their value, I think attempting to gain funding from the state and government would have been a more successful for the group. Though I know that seems idealistic and from what we know about population movement from Professor Wilder, that probably would have resulted in segregation but I can't help but think about this. I also wonder if in some way this all did not need to happen because as a result many people became aware of the situation and even today we are still explore the variables and the impact of this situation.
\nElizabeth Diamant","replyPages":[{"page":0,"digests":[],"more":0}]}],"more":true},"comments":[]},"http":{"code":200,"status":"OK"},"redirectUrl":null,"javascript":null,"notices":{"warning":[],"error":[],"info":[],"success":[]}}